The radar

Where demand is highand supply is low.

Every problem, ranked by opportunity: how badly the world needs a solution, divided by how well-served it already is. The biggest gaps are the best places to start. This is step zero.

The allocation quadrant

Demand, against the capital actually flowing.

Each problem plotted by how much it matters (demand) against the dollars per year pointed at it (sourced estimates, log scale). The top-left quadrant is the product: high demand, thin capital. That is where the next great company is hiding.

THE GAPS · high demand, thin capitalBACKED PRIORITIESWATCHLISTCONSENSUS-CROWDEDCAPITAL FLOWING AT IT ($/YR, LOG) →DEMAND →$1B$10B$100B$1TAI safety & alignmentBiosecurity & pandemic preparednessExtreme povertyInfectious disease (malaria, TB, HIV)Low-cost housing & constructionLoneliness & social isolationLongevity & agingClimate changePedagogy at scaleFertility decline & demographic stagnationScientific productivityEnergy abundance
hover a problem · arrows show capital momentum (3y) underallocated balanced overallocated
01
AI safety & alignmentAIunderallocated

Ensure increasingly capable AI systems remain corrigible, honest, and aligned with human values.

6 cos · 4 funds on it · $600M/yr · $3T prize

demand 87
dem
sup
53
02
Biosecurity & pandemic preparednessBiosecurityunderallocated

Prevent engineered and naturally-emerging pandemics from wiping out humanity or crippling civilization.

4 cos · 3 funds on it · $4B/yr · $200B prize

demand 86
dem
sup
44
03
Extreme povertyPovertyunderallocated

Lift the ~700 million people living on less than $2.15 a day into stable prosperity.

0 cos · 0 funds on it · $212B/yr · $500B prize

demand 93
dem
sup
39
04
Infectious disease (malaria, TB, HIV)Healthunderallocated

The Copenhagen Consensus welfare floor, pennies save lives, and we still are not spending them.

5 cos · 3 funds on it · $25B/yr · $200B prize

demand 86
dem
sup
22
05
Low-cost housing & constructionPovertyunderallocated

Close the gap between what materials cost and what buildings cost, housing is 5× its bill of materials.

5 cos · 5 funds on it · $10B/yr · $300B prize

demand 79
dem
sup
17
06
Loneliness & social isolationSocialunderallocated

The US Surgeon General called it an epidemic. Mortality effect equivalent to smoking 15 cigarettes a day.

4 cos · 1 funds on it · $300M/yr · $200B prize

demand 74
dem
sup
17
07
Longevity & agingLongevityunderallocated

Extend healthspan. Aging is the single largest driver of disease burden, and it is treatable.

8 cos · 5 funds on it · $8B/yr · $3T prize

demand 82
dem
sup
11
08
Climate changeClimateoverallocated

Decarbonize the global economy fast enough to limit warming, while keeping energy cheap and abundant.

0 cos · 0 funds on it · $1.5T/yr · $1T prize

demand 81
dem
sup
11
09
Pedagogy at scaleEducationunderallocated

Close Bloom's 2-sigma gap, every child deserves a personal tutor, and AI may finally make it tractable.

5 cos · 3 funds on it · $3B/yr · $300B prize

demand 73
dem
sup
10
10
Fertility decline & demographic stagnationSocialunderallocated

Every developed country is below replacement. Under-counted by EA and e/acc. Civilizationally large.

4 cos · 1 funds on it · $1B/yr · $200B prize

demand 74
dem
sup
9
11
Scientific productivityScienceunderallocated

Ideas are getting harder to find. Reverse the decline in research productivity per dollar.

9 cos · 8 funds on it · $400M/yr · $1T prize

demand 73
dem
sup
5
12
Energy abundanceEnergyoverallocated

Produce clean, cheap, dispatchable energy at civilizational scale, fusion, advanced fission, geothermal.

34 cos · 12 funds on it · $2.2T/yr · $2T prize

demand 82
dem
sup
4

opportunity = demand (humans affected × severity × market) divided by supply (companies, capital, and solution quality already on it), nudged by urgency. Higher = a bigger, more urgent, less-served gap. The dots show how many independent demand signals (burden, willingness-to-pay, capital, research, policy, expert priors) corroborate the number — more dots = more credible. allocation compares each problem’s share of real capital ($/yr, sourced estimates) to its share of demand: under half its fair share = underallocated, over double = overallocated. Arrows = 3-year capital momentum. Full method on the methodology page.

Weekly whitepaper drop

One problem.One whitepaper. Every week.

Each week we ship a deep-dive whitepaper on a top-ranked humanity-scale problem — built in the spirit of Musk’s Hyperloop Alpha and the transformer paper. Problem + market size + before/after vision + a proposed solution + the investors who would back it. Humanity’s Requests for Startups, sourced and sorted quantitatively. No spam. No marketing.

by subscribing you agree to receive low-volume updates from optimism.fun. unsubscribe with one click, any time.