all problems
welfare floorPhysical health & diseasehumans affected:high· updated 2026-06-09

Infectious disease (malaria, TB, HIV)

The Copenhagen Consensus welfare floor, pennies save lives, and we still are not spending them.

The scale of it

600Kimproving

annual malaria deaths

20042022

The capital on it

$25B/yr↘ fallingunderallocated · 0.05× fair share

Development assistance for health aimed at HIV, TB, malaria and immunization (Global Fund, Gavi, PEPFAR, Gates). Excludes domestic health budgets. COVID-era peak has unwound and aid cuts bite.

20192023

source: IHME — Financing Global Health (infectious-disease slice of DAH) · confidence med · estimate, improvable by PR

The prize at the limit

$200Bin-the-limit market cap, if the team executes perfectly

A platform that can design, manufacture, and deliver vaccines and therapeutics against malaria, TB, HIV, and the next outbreak at low marginal cost becomes the permanent infrastructure of global health security.

comparable: Moderna at peak (~$180B) · confidence low · a ceiling, not a forecast

The trade: demand is high, only $25B/yr of capital is flowing (0.05× its fair share), and the prize at the limit is $200B. This is a Request for Startups and a Request for Investors at once.

Whitepaper · v0.1 · open to refutation

The summary lives here. The full whitepaper walks through the four-axis ranking, existing alternatives, proposed direction, cost & scale, and suggested investors — in the spirit of Hyperloop Alpha.

Quantity · humans affected

2.5Bhumans at risk of at least one

source: WHO Global Burden of Disease

Severity · WTP / wealth

60%med

share of affected person’s wealth they would pay for a solution

Current solutions

4.0/ 10med

quality of existing solutions — low score = high opportunity

Market size · TAM

$200.0Bmed

USD / year the world is already paying

Time · OOM to impact

10ylow

order-of-magnitude horizon to civilizational-scale impact

Capital · OOM to solve

$150.0Blow

cumulative R&D + deployment + supply chain across the arc

Priority score

21

importance × urgency, 0–100

Importance

53

humans affected × severity, gated by market

Urgency

39

direction of travel + solution gap

Neglectedness

5/10

Among the most cost-effective causes in global health, yet still chronically underfunded relative to the deaths it prevents.

high

Tractability

8/10

Proven interventions exist now: bednets, the RTS,S and R21 vaccines, antiretrovirals, and emerging gene-drive vector control.

high

Ways to help

Build

Build sub-dollar point-of-care diagnostics or safe gene-drive vector control.

Organizations

People to follow

Three-lens scoring

welfare · copenhagen BCR
48.0× per $high
x-risk · 80k hours ITNn/a
utility delta · state-of-art vs physics
50%med

Malaria killed ~600,000 people in 2023, mostly children under 5. Tuberculosis kills ~1.3M per year. HIV kills ~630,000 per year despite proven suppression protocols. The Copenhagen Consensus ranks these interventions among the highest benefit-cost ratios in global development, $1 of intervention returns $20-$100 in economic and welfare gains. This is the baseline anyone claiming to rank humanity's problems has to include.

The success vision · 15 years horizon

If we solve this, here is the world we get.

med

Before · today

~1.3M deaths/yr from TB. ~600K from malaria. ~600K from HIV/AIDS. All preventable with known interventions but coverage gaps + drug resistance growing.

After · 15 years

Malaria, TB, HIV mortality reduced 95%+ via single-dose curatives, gene-drive vector control, universal vaccines. Three of humanity’s oldest scourges effectively closed out.

Companies on this quest

5 mapped

HIV franchise leader (Biktarvy, Descovy, lenacapavir as twice-yearly PrEP). Also hep B/C, oncology.

$95.0Bhigh
GSKpublic

Global pharma. Manufacturer of RTS, S and R21 malaria vaccines; major HIV and TB portfolios.

$72.0Bhigh
Modernapublic

mRNA platform company. Pandemic preparedness via rapid vaccine development, plus pipeline in malaria, HIV, and rare disease.

$10.5Bhigh

Vaccine alliance funding immunization in low-income countries. Vaccinated over 1B children since 2000.

private · no disclosed cap

Distributes long-lasting insecticidal nets. Consistently top-rated GiveWell charity for cost-effective impact.

private · no disclosed cap

Capital funding this quest

3 allocators

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Sources